[opus] [PATCH] Optimize silk_warped_autocorrelation_FIX() for ARM NEON

Linfeng Zhang linfengz at google.com
Wed Apr 5 18:13:10 UTC 2017


Thank Jean-Marc!

The speedup percentages are all relative to the entire encoder.

Comparing to master, this optimization patch speeds up fixed-point SILK
encoder on NEON as following: Complexity 5: 6.1% Complexity 6: 5.8%
Complexity 8: 5.5% Complexity 10: 4.0%

when testing on an Acer Chromebook, ARMv7 Processor rev 3 (v7l), CPU max
MHz: 2116.5

Thanks,
Linfeng

On Wed, Apr 5, 2017 at 11:02 AM, Jean-Marc Valin <jmvalin at jmvalin.ca> wrote:

> Hi Linfeng,
>
> Thanks for the updated patch. I'll have a look and get back to you. When
> you report speedup percentages, is that relative to the entire encoder
> or relative to just that function in C? Also, what's the speedup
> compared to master?
>
> Cheers,
>
>         Jean-Marc
>
> On 05/04/17 12:14 PM, Linfeng Zhang wrote:
> > I attached a new patch with small cleanup (disassembly is identical as
> > the last patch). We have done the same internal testing as usual.
> >
> > Also, attached 2 failed temporary versions which try to reduce code size
> > (just for code review reference purpose).
> >
> > The new patch of silk_warped_autocorrelation_FIX_neon() has a code size
> > of 3,228 bytes (with gcc).
> > smaller_slower.c has a code size of 2,304 bytes, but the encoder is
> > about 1.8% - 2.7% slower.
> > smallest_slowest.c has a code size of 1,656 bytes, but the encoder is
> > about 2.3% - 3.6% slower.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Linfeng
> >
> > On Mon, Apr 3, 2017 at 3:01 PM, Linfeng Zhang <linfengz at google.com
> > <mailto:linfengz at google.com>> wrote:
> >
> >     Hi Jean-Marc,
> >
> >     Attached is the silk_warped_autocorrelation_FIX_neon() which
> >     implements your idea.
> >
> >     Speed improvement vs the previous optimization:
> >
> >     Complexity 0-4: Doesn't call this function. Complexity 5: 2.1%
> >     (order = 16) Complexity 6: 1.0% (order = 20) Complexity 8: 0.1%
> >     (order = 24) Complexity 10: 0.1% (order = 24)
> >
> >     Code size of silk_warped_autocorrelation_FIX_neon() changes from
> >     2,644 bytes to 3,228 bytes.
> >
> >     The reason of larger code size is that the new optimization
> >     specializes order 16, 20 and 24. If only keeping order 24
> >     specialization, the code still works and the code size is smaller,
> >     but the encoder speed will drop 4.0% for Complexity 5 and 2.0% for
> >     Complexity 6. Anyway, the new code is easier to understand and
> maintain.
> >
> >     Thanks,
> >
> >     Linfeng
> >
> >
> >     On Tue, Feb 7, 2017 at 8:58 AM, Linfeng Zhang <linfengz at google.com
> >     <mailto:linfengz at google.com>> wrote:
> >
> >         Hi Jean-Marc,
> >
> >         Thanks for your suggestions. Will get back to you once we have
> >         some updates.
> >
> >         Linfeng
> >
> >         On Mon, Feb 6, 2017 at 5:47 PM, Jean-Marc Valin
> >         <jmvalin at jmvalin.ca <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca>> wrote:
> >
> >             Hi Linfeng,
> >
> >             On 06/02/17 07:18 PM, Linfeng Zhang wrote:
> >             > This is a great idea. But the order
> (psEncC->shapingLPCOrder) can be
> >             > configured to 12, 14, 16, 20 and 24 according to
> complexity parameter.
> >             >
> >             > It's hard to get a universal function to handle all these
> orders
> >             > efficiently. Any suggestions?
> >
> >             I can think of two ways of handling larger orders. The
> >             obvious one is
> >             simply to add an inner loop of the form:
> >             for (i=0;i<order;i+=VECTOR_SIZE)
> >             I think what may be more efficient is to simply have a small
> >             "order-N"
> >             (N=4 or 8) kernel that not only computes the correlation of
> >             order N, but
> >             then spits out the signal after the N-stage all-pass is
> >             applied. The
> >             kernel would look like:
> >
> >             void autocorr_kernel4(int *corr, int *orig, int *input, int
> >             *output, int
> >             len) {
> >                /* Implement vectorized order-4 filter (could also be
> >             order 8)
> >                   as described in previous email and outputs the
> >             filtered signal.
> >                */
> >             }
> >
> >             and then the full function would run the kernel multiple
> >             times and look
> >             like:
> >
> >             void full_autocorr(int *corr, int *orig, int len, int order)
> {
> >                int i;
> >                int tmp[MAX_SIZE];
> >                int *in = orig;
> >                for (i=0;i<order;i+=4) {
> >                   autocorr_kernel4(corr+i, orig, in, tmp, len);
> >                   /* Make subsequent calls use the filtered signal as
> >             input. */
> >                   in = tmp;
> >                }
> >             }
> >
> >             I think the should not only reduce/eliminate the
> >             prologue/epilogue
> >             problem, but it should also be more efficient since almost
> >             all vectors
> >             processed would use the full size.
> >
> >             Maybe a third option (not sure it's a good idea, but still
> >             mentioning
> >             it) would be to have a function that hardcodes order=24 and
> >             discards the
> >             larger values that aren't needed. Since the smallest order
> >             seems to be
> >             16, it wouldn't be much of a waste and the code might end up
> >             running
> >             faster for the higher orders.
> >
> >             Cheers,
> >
> >                     Jean-Marc
> >
> >
> >             > Thanks,
> >             > Linfeng
> >             >
> >             > On Mon, Feb 6, 2017 at 12:40 PM, Jean-Marc Valin <
> jmvalin at jmvalin.ca <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca>
> >             > <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca>>>
> >             wrote:
> >             >
> >             >     Hi Linfeng,
> >             >
> >             >     On 06/02/17 02:51 PM, Linfeng Zhang wrote:
> >             >     > However, the critical thing is that all the states
> >             in each stage when
> >             >     > processing input[i] are reused by the next
> >             input[i+1]. That is
> >             >     > input[i+1] must wait input[i] for 1 stage, and
> >             input[i+2] must wait
> >             >     > input[i+1] for 1 stage, etc.
> >             >
> >             >     That is indeed the tricky part... and the one I think
> >             you could do
> >             >     slightly differently. If you approach the problem in
> >             terms of computing
> >             >     chunks of the inputs N samples at a time, then indeed
> >             the approach you
> >             >     are describing is the only solution. What I was
> >             proposing though is to
> >             >     instead chop the "order" in chunks of N. Using your
> >             notation, you would
> >             >     be doing:
> >             >
> >             >     PROC(
> >                   in0(s0))
> >             >     PROC(
> >             in0(s1) in1(s0))
> >             >     PROC(                                        in0(s2)
> >             in1(s1) in2(s0))
> >             >     PROC(                                in0(s3) in1(s2)
> >             in2(s1) in3(s0))
> >             >     PROC(                        in0(s4) in1(s3) in2(s2)
> >             in3(s1) in4(s0))
> >             >     PROC(                in0(s5) in1(s4) in2(s3) in3(s2)
> >             in4(s1) in5(s0))
> >             >     PROC(        in0(s6) in1(s5) in2(s4) in3(s3) in4(s2)
> >             in5(s1) in6(s0))
> >             >     PROC(in0(s7) in1(s6) in2(s5) in3(s4) in4(s3) in5(s2)
> >             in6(s1) in7(s0))
> >             >     PROC(in1(s7) in2(s6) in3(s5) in4(s4) in5(s3) in6(s2)
> >             in7(s1) in8(s0))
> >             >     PROC(in2(s7) in3(s6) in4(s5) in5(s4) in6(s3) in7(s2)
> >             in8(s1) in9(s0))
> >             >     PROC(in3(s7) in4(s6) in5(s5) in6(s4) in7(s3) in8(s2)
> >             in9(s1)in10(s0))
> >             >     PROC(in4(s7) in5(s6) in6(s5) in7(s4) in8(s3)
> >             in9(s2)in10(s1)in11(s0))
> >             >     ...and so on until the end of the input vector
> >             >
> >             >     The difference is that it's now the input vector that
> >             "slides" and the
> >             >     "state" values sy that remain in the same place.
> >             There's still a
> >             >     prologue, but you can easily get rid of it by
> >             (implicitly) zero-padding
> >             >     the in vector during the initialization phase (start
> >             with a zero vector
> >             >     and real one value at a time). Getting rid of the
> >             epilogue is a little
> >             >     trickier, but I think it can be done.
> >             >
> >             >     Cheers,
> >             >
> >             >             Jean-Marc
> >             >
> >             >     > Then it becomes this
> >             >     >
> >             >     > FOR in=0 to N WITH in+=8
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s0)) /* prolog 0 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s1) in1(s0)) /* prolog 1 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s2) in1(s1) in2(s0)) /* prolog 2 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s3) in1(s2) in2(s1) in3(s0)) /* prolog 3
> */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s4) in1(s3) in2(s2) in3(s1) in4(s0)) /*
> >             prolog 4 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s5) in1(s4) in2(s3) in3(s2) in4(s1)
> >             in5(s0)) /* prolog 5 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s6) in1(s5) in2(s4) in3(s3) in4(s2)
> >             in5(s1) in6(s0)) /*
> >             >     > prolog 6 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s7) in1(s6) in2(s5) in3(s4) in4(s3)
> >             in5(s2) in6(s1)
> >             >     in7(s0))
> >             >     > /* fully process 8 inputs */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s8) in1(s7) in2(s6) in3(s5) in4(s4)
> >             in5(s3) in6(s2)
> >             >     in7(s1))
> >             >     > /* continue */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s9) in1(s8) in2(s7) in3(s6) in4(s5)
> >             in5(s4) in6(s3)
> >             >     in7(s2))
> >             >     > /* continue */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s10) in1(s9) in2(s8) in3(s7) in4(s6)
> >             in5(s5) in6(s4)
> >             >     in7(s3))
> >             >     > /* continue */
> >             >     >   PROC(in1(s10) in2(s9) in3(s8) in4(s7) in5(s6)
> >             in6(s5) in7(s4)) /*
> >             >     > epilog 0 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in2(s10) in3(s9) in4(s8) in5(s7) in6(s6)
> >             in7(s5)) /* epilog
> >             >     1 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in3(s10) in4(s9) in5(s8) in6(s7) in7(s6)) /*
> >             epilog 2 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in4(s10) in5(s9) in6(s8) in7(s7)) /* epilog 3
> */
> >             >     >   PROC(in5(s10) in6(s9) in7(s8)) /* epilog 4 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in6(s10) in7(s9)) /* epilog 5 */
> >             >     >   PROC(in7(s10)) /* epilog 6 */
> >             >     > END FOR
> >             >     >
> >             >     > And
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s7) in1(s6) in2(s5) in3(s4) in4(s3)
> >             in5(s2) in6(s1)
> >             >     in7(s0))
> >             >     > /* fully process 8 inputs */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s8) in1(s7) in2(s6) in3(s5) in4(s4)
> >             in5(s3) in6(s2)
> >             >     in7(s1))
> >             >     > /* continue */
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(s9) in1(s8) in2(s7) in3(s6) in4(s5)
> >             in5(s4) in6(s3)
> >             >     in7(s2))
> >             >     > /* continue */
> >             >     > is actually the expansion of the kernel loop
> >             >     > FOR i=0 TO order-6 WITH i++
> >             >     >   PROC(in0(si+7) in1(si+6) in2(si+5) in3(si+4)
> >             in4(si+3) in5(si+2)
> >             >     > in6(si+1) in7(si+0))
> >             >     > END FOR
> >             >     >
> >             >     > The worst thing is that corr_QC[] is so sensitive
> >             that any extra
> >             >     > processing will make them wrong and propagate to the
> >             next loop (next 8
> >             >     > inputs). state_QS[] is a little better but still
> >             very sensitive. For
> >             >     > instance, if adding PROC(in0(s11') in1(s10) in2(s9)
> >             in3(s8) in4(s7)
> >             >     > in5(s6) in6(s5) in7(s4)) to the kernel loop (by
> >             looping one more time)
> >             >     > and remove epilog 0, then all final results will be
> >             wrong.
> >             >     >
> >             >     > That's why the prolog and epilog cannot be saved to
> >             the best of my
> >             >     > knowledge.
> >             >     >
> >             >     > The assembly size of
> >             silk_warped_autocorrelation_FIX_neon() is about
> >             >     > 2,744 bytes. Compared with the C code size (about
> >             452 bytes), it's 2.3
> >             >     > KB larger. Considering
> >             silk_warped_autocorrelation_FIX_c() is the
> >             >     second
> >             >     > place CPU heavy function in fixed-point, and our
> >             testing shows up
> >             >     to 7%
> >             >     > CPU run time saving of the total encoder with this
> >             optimization (at
> >             >     > Complexity 8), maybe we can take the I-cache burden
> >             even if finally we
> >             >     > still cannot remove the big chunk of prolog and
> epilog.
> >             >     >
> >             >     > Thanks,
> >             >     > Linfeng Zhang
> >             >     >
> >             >     > On Sat, Feb 4, 2017 at 4:17 PM, Jean-Marc Valin
> >             >     <jmvalin at jmvalin.ca <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca>
> >             <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca>>
> >             >     > <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca
> >             <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca> <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca
> >             <mailto:jmvalin at jmvalin.ca>>>> wrote:
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     Hi Felicia,
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     I've had time to work through the math in the
> >             original
> >             >     function and I'm
> >             >     >     pretty sure it's possible to vectorize this
> >             without the huge
> >             >     >     prologue/epilogue.
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     For the simple case where order = vector size =
> >             N (but it
> >             >     should easily
> >             >     >     generalize to larger order), what I came up with
> is:
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     initialize X, Y, M, C to vector of zeros
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     for i=0 to N+order
> >             >     >        T = [x(i), Y(0:N-2)]
> >             >     >        Y = M + coeff * (Y - T)
> >             >     >        M = T
> >             >     >        X = [x(i), X(0:N-1)]
> >             >     >        C = C + X*Y
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     I think something similar to this (assuming I
> >             didn't mess up any
> >             >     >     details) should give you the correlations in
> >             vector C. Did I miss
> >             >     >     anything?
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     Cheers,
> >             >     >
> >             >     >             Jean-Marc
> >             >     >
> >             >     >
> >             >     >     On 31/01/17 12:30 PM, Felicia Lim wrote:
> >             >     >     > Hi,
> >             >     >     >
> >             >     >     > Attached is a patch with arm neon
> >             optimizations for
> >             >     >     > silk_warped_autocorrelation_FIX(). Please
> review.
> >             >     >     >
> >             >     >     > Thanks,
> >             >     >     > Felicia
> >             >     >     >
> >             >     >     >
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